Changes to the Terms and Conditions

Hi one and all. There's a new update for the Pixel-Bricks website. The Terms and Conditions have been updated slightly. Don't worry, it's nothing that will affect anyone who has already bought pixel space and has only changed to reflect new (lower) prices. I just thought that it's best to get the T&C's seen by as many people as it relates to as possible and so the best way to do this was to blog about it. Below you'll see the updated T&C's for Pixel-Bricks.com

TERMS AND CONDITIONS

a) When you 'buy' pixel space on this site, you will not 'own' any part of this website. What you are purchasing is the right to have your image, linking to your chosen URL, displayed on the website, covering the amount of pixel space you have paid for.

b) The minimum purchase is £2 (one 'pixel square', displayed as a 9x9 image); there is no limit to the amount you can purchase, only the number of available squares.

c) The position of the image and the area covered can not be altered at any time, nor can the image. For this reason, ensure that you are satisfied with the area of coverage and position of your image at the time of purchase.

d) You have the right to request that your image and/or link be removed from this website. This does not entitle you to a refund and the newly released space will become available for purchase.

e) Links and images that are deemed to be of an offensive or pornographic nature will not be accepted. If your image and/or link is considered, by Pixel-Bricks.com, to be unacceptable under these terms, then you will have the opportunity to submit an alternative image and/or link. If this can not be done, you will not be refunded and you will lose your pixels.

f) If your image and/or link is accepted and the content of the linked site is altered to show what is considered, by Pixel-Bricks.com, to be offensive material then your image and/or link will be removed until you can provide a replacement (for a £10 fee) that is acceptable under these terms and conditions. Refunds will not be given for removal of images and/or links in breach of these terms and conditions; nor will refunds be given for any downtime.

g) The image(s) you provide must:

* NOT be animated
* be of a reasonable/acceptable file size
* be the exact size you have paid for
* be in .GIF, .JPEG or .PNG format


h) You must have full authority to provide any images and/or links and all images must link to websites/web pages only. Any URLs provided must begin with 'http://'.

i) Your image and link will only be placed on the website once payment has been received.

j) Once payment has been received and cleared, the aim will be to have your image and link online within 24hrs, however in rare circumstances it may take longer, though this is unlikely.

k) Payment is non-refundable after your image is displayed on the website.

l) Downtime of this website for maintenance purposes will be kept to a minimum. If we encounter any problems which cause a prolonged period of downtime (e.g. denial of service attacks etc) we can not be held responsible and will endeavour to get the site online as quickly as possible.

m) We reserve the right to edit any images you submit to us. This will usually be a simple resizing which will only happen if you submit the wrong size image for what you have paid for.

n) All information in the 'product reviews' section of the website is copyrighted © Pixel-Bricks.com. No part of it may be copied or reproduced in any way without the express permission of Pixel-Bricks.com


Website and the information therein is Copyright © Aidan G 2007-2008.

Hope this helps.

Student Debts

A student debt consolidator provides a debt relief by suitably merging together the undergraduate's exceptional loans. The meaning of this is that the debt consolidator will get in touch with all your lenders, "pay off" the balances on your behalf and subsequent to this instead of two or more credits, you only be indebted to one lender! By signing up with an student debt consolidation curriculum, you will be in favor to begin a new credit with the lender.



Fundamentally, this kind of curriculum falls under 2 categories:



1) Unsecured consolidation loan

2) Secured consolidation loan



The earlier category of debt consolidation loan does not force you to raise collateral. Though you will require putting more finance for your monthly refund, you can induce this consolidation loan in a moderately rapid time.



A secured consolidation loan in contrast, requires appropriate collateral and since you are not expected to hold properties of your own, you might require enrolling for assistance from your parents or custodian. With security, you can have a loan of more money but do make a note of the fact that the repayment phase for this loan group is typically longer than normal ones.



With the help of student debt consolidation loans you begin with one loan with a small interest charge which is reasonable and which will assist you to perk up your credit score. Accepting this loan will discontinue any collection mediators harassing calls and provide you a strain free future to construct your credit for upcoming borrowing. Thus for easy repayment of the debts one should go for secured debt consolidation loans.

The University of Bedfordshire Are In Clearing

This is an important time of year. Many young people are deciding what to do with their future. If i can make my suggestion, i'd suggest going to university. I did and i think that it was the best thing i ever did. At this moment, there are many options available at the University of Bedfordshire. A lot of people think that, with it being so close to the new educational year, it's too late to apply for a university course. Of course, this is an incorrect assumption. Right now, i would suggest taking a look at the University of Bedfordshire - Clearing 2008. There's lots of courses which still have places available on them during the clearing time. PErhaps there's one there for you. It can't harm to take a look and if you decide to go for it, it won't be a decision you regret. As i said, university was the best few years of my life. You meets some great people, make friends for life and learn something at a level which truly sets you up for your future.

The University of Bedfordshire started recruiting students onto their courses from Thursday August 14th. There's still time if you're interested so make sure you take a look and consider your options. Clearing will go on until mid-September. Think you might be interested? You can phone them on 0800 013 0925 and they'll be able to give you loads of information to help you get started as easily and as stress-free as is possible. Good luck with your application and your future.

Reward Credit Cards

Reward credit cards or loyalty cards earn their owners certain incentives in terms of cash back or redeemable reward points. These benefits and reward points keep mounting as more charges are applied to the card, i.e. more you spend more you get. The best-known reward cards are those that offer frequent flyer miles or cash based upon the amount of purchases made with the card. There are numerous companies that offer you ‘fantastic' or ‘unbeatable rewards' for the privilege of providing you with their credit card, however, whichever card you use should be chosen carefully.

Annual Fees

Convenience users or people who use credit cards for frequent purchases reap the maximum benefit out of reward credit cards. Many of these reward credit cards come with an annual fee, sometimes higher depending on your ‘reward' level. This fee should be taken into consideration when estimating any future reward level. Consider the kinds of reward schemes being offered and the minimum amount you need to spend each month in order to avail the reward bonuses. Analyze your spending habits, since the level of spending determines the level of benefits earned.

Golden Rule of Reward Cards

There is one golden rule concerning any type of reward card, whether it be an affinity credit card or cash back, you must pay the balance in full every month. If you do leave a balance and interest accrues on this it will negate all benefits that you received from the card, in fact it could end up costing you more in interest than you earn with rewards.

Which Reward Card?

These credit cards do not just earn you flyer miles. You can earn reward points redeemable against discounted or in some cases free gasoline, gift certificates for merchandise at particular retailers or for general online use, and even discounts on your next automobile. Though free flyer miles might lure you to buy an air miles reward card but ultimately if you do not fly frequently enough to redeem those miles, you will be at a loss. However, on the other hand cash back or discount points card could be more beneficial to raise a sloping budget.

Conclusion

In general choosing the correct reward card for your needs is probably the most difficult decision that visitors face when choosing a credit card. Most other types of credit card are simple enough to choose, whether it is a balance transfer card, an introductory 0% purchase rate or an adverse credit card. However, with the reward card you must be able to pay the balance in full, calculate the annual fee cost then, estimate your spending level and then calculate your estimated rewards.

Email Marketing

Most online businesses set up email lists of some sort, then proceed to just send out emails. This document will show you, from the perspective of the person RECEIVING the emails, what mistakes many people make. Avoid these mistakes to ramp up your email list to profitability.

1. Putting an unsubscribe link at the bottom of your email. How could this be bad? Because when a subscriber wants to change their email address, they can't? If you expect someone to unsubscribe one email address, then go back to your site and resubscribe with another, that's expecting a lot. The best thing to do is have "Manage your subscription" link that takes them to a page that they can unsubscribe, change their email address, and even change which lists they subscribe to. Then, have an "Quick Unsubscribe" link next to that.

Another thought here - I have signed up as a member of forums, and then gotten emails. When I wanted to change the email address or unsubscribe, I clicked on "Change subscription info" and it asked me to sign in to the forum first. If I don't remember the forum login info I used when I created my account, I simply CAN'T get in to change my email address or unsubscribe. So, of course, I just report the emails as spam. I've had this happen at least four times that I can remember.

2. Making too much information required upon sign up. You only need their email address. You might want their first name, so you can personalize their email, but even this should be optional. Don't require postal address, last name, and especially phone number. Requiring a phone number will cut your signups by at least 80%. And don't require fields that are silly, like Title (Mr., Mrs., Ms.) or birthday. Why make it hard? Take as an example The Venetian, a casino in Las Vegas. Here's their signup form: https://secure.venetian.com/APPS/EmailSignUp/. It requires birthdate, but they have to for age verification. But it requires Title! I clicked submit without my Title, and it gave me an error message. So the first thing I get in my email relationship with The Venetian is a beep and popup error message. That's not a good start.

3. Making unsubscribing difficult. Let's look again at The Venetian. In their emails there is an unsubscribe link. It goes here: http://venetian.com/APPS/Unsubscribe/. In order to unsubscribe, I have to enter my email address. If I have multiple email addresses (I have 12), I have to remember which one I used and enter it. So what do I do instead? I hit the Spam button in my email program to make them go to my Spam folder to be deleted. Simple for me, but it also sends a notice to my Spam filter company that The Venetian's emails are spam. Too many of those, and you get banned, especially from AOL, where it's almost impossible to get removed from a spam list. Instead, make it easy to unsubscribe. Do you really want someone on your list who doesn't want to be? I suggest putting an unsubscribe (or at least Manage Subscription) link at the TOP of every email. It is MUCH better to lose a few subscribers easily, than to get Spam-reported.

4. NOT unsubscribing when someone requests unsubscribing. ProFlowers... If you ever sign up for their emails, expect to be on their list for life. I have unsubscribed at least five times from their lists, and they still keep sending. So I keep reporting them as spammers. Unfortunately, they're so big, and not enough people are reporting them, apparently, that I still keep getting them in my inbox. I absolutely hate ProFlowers now, and will NEVER do business with them again.

5. Sending to people who may not know how they got subscribed. Do you auto-subscribe all customers? Do you have a "free report" that you send people, but don't mention in the signup form that they'll be subscribed to an email newsletter? If you send ongoing emails to these people, you may be a spammer.

You don't want people to get emails who don't WANT to get emails, do you? So, for customers, in checkout, just say, "as a new customer you will be subscribed to our newsletter. You can unsubscribe at any time." Or, better yet, have a check box in checkout for "Subscribe." Finally, you can have a subscribe form on the Invoice/Receipt page so AFTER they have happily sent you money, they can subscribe.

If you send to customers without a specific subscription notice/form, I suggest sending them an email invitation to subscribe. You're allowed to do that without it being spam, since they've done business with you. Take the last email newsletter you sent, and, ABOVE it, put a paragraph that says, "As a new customer with XXX, we'd like to invite you to subscribe to our newsletter and receive Special Sale Notices, Coupons, new product info, and more! We promise not to overwhelm you with emails, and you can unsubscribe at any time." Have a link to subscribe. Send it only once.

6. Too many emails. I once signed up for TigerDirect emails. It must have been during an experiment, because I got at least one email a day, and sometimes two, for about a week. I finally unsubscribed. It was over a year until I resubscribed, and now they're only about once a week. So, while experimenting with what would happen with overwhelming emails, they lost me for a year. Remember, people get between 20 and 200 emails a day. We're ALL overwhelmed. Why would you want to become a negative contribution to that feeling of being overwhelmed??

If you have "daily updates," or "new product notices" that might be daily, have multiple levels of subscriptions. Let people decide how frequent they'll get emails. Some people want to know everything right away, especially online shopping addicts. But most don't. Have multiple email lists, "daily, weekly summary, monthly" and let them choose. And NEVER violate the frequency. If I pick monthly, and I get them weekly, I'm gonna spam-report it.

7. Too few emails. Hey, doesn't that sound like the opposite of (6)?? Yep. If I sign up for email newsletters in January, and I don't get anything until May, I probably have forgotten I signed up. At that point, I think it's spam, and, you got it - you're being reported as a spammer.

Remember, emails don't have to be huge. At a minimum, send a text email at least once a month keeping in touch, with something basic like a special offer, new product notice, or even a "Happy Mother's Day" mention. Check out Hallmark - there's a holiday about every day now, so there's always SOME excuse for an email. If you drop the ball for more than 3 or 4 months, you should probably send another invite to resubscribe. In the very least, at the TOP of your email, in bold, say, "You Subscribed to this List because you wanted xxxxx" to remind them that they did, indeed, subscribe. Keep in mind that, while YOU are obsessed with your business, most people forget you even exist most of the time.

8. No deals or coupons. I sign up for emails from local restaurants a lot. Sometimes, I'll get emails that tell me about new menu items, or encourage me to celebrate a holiday at their restaurant, but NO offer! There's no call to action! Why do I care about Don Pablo's having Cinco de Mayo if it doesn't mean I get 10% off or a free Margarita? After two or three of these email ads, usually all pretty and graphical, I unsubscribe. Why would I want someone to just send me ads? If I liked ads, I wouldn't fast forward through them with Tivo.

9. Too many deals and coupons. I did it again - contradicting my previous point, right? This one really isn't too bad unless you create expectations of discounts. I'll tell you a quick story. A company I worked for started doing email newsletters. In each newsletter was a 10% off coupon that was good for one week. Since it was every time, what do you think happened? Sales disappeared for the three weeks that there was no coupon code. Then, the email would go out and we'd get pummeled with sales at a discount. Customers expected the same 10% discount off everything, and waited to get the code to order. After a bunch of these, there was no turning back - people expected their 10% off coupon code. So, the only solution was to extend the expiration period to the full month, and then accept that our income was reduced by 10%.

How do you balance (8) and (9)? By offering discounts and deals off specific items or services, changing it each time. Focus on your newest items, or even some of your lesser sellers. Have a clearance every now and then. Change it up, so people don't expect anything in particular in each email, but still they have a reason to stay subscribed.

10. No confirmation emails. When I subscribe to a list, I'm never 100% sure it worked. Too many online scripts are broken. So let people know they succeeded with an email saying so. Tell them on the Success page that they will be receiving an email confirmation. This way, if they don't get one, you might already be in their spam filter and they can white-list you. Tell them how to white-list you.

Some people say you should "double opt in." This means that your system would send a confirmation email with a special link. If the subscriber does NOT click that link, the subscription has not completed. Some systems will send a second attempt in 24 hours. This is certainly the safest way to avoid spam-reports. However, expect about half the people to not click the link for some reason. If someone doesn't get the confirmation email because of a spam filter, they will simply assume that you just aren't sending any emails. It's up to you whether you want to do this, but it's not necessary in my opinion.

Conclusion. Clean up these mistakes and you'll increase subscriptions, decrease unsubscribes, and overall have a more positive email relationship with your customers. One final point of advice... I suggest using a service, such as iContact (http://www.chucklasker.com/icontact), instead of sending emails from your own server. Not only are the emails easier to manage, more professional looking, and bounces are taken care of, but you'll also be better off if people click the Spam button on their email programs. If you're using your own server, it might get banned easily. But iContact is able to handle the big spam-protection-companies much better. Give them a try with their free trial, I believe you'll find it's worth the price.

Want A Website? Consider This First

After the registration of domain name selection of web host is another rational step a user need to consider. Though, finding an ideal host is a daunting task. One can find several companies offering web-hosting services to the clients. While locating keyword web hosting in the search engines one will find more than 100 million outputs!

One cannot deny the fact, for a successful online presence a dependable web hosting is must. Online presence and accessibility of a web site is must. If not, one should remain ready to loose clients and prospects. For an instance, if one compare this with a traditional business.

CATEGORIES OF WEB HOSTING:

One should select a web hosting deal according to his/her site. One cannot fulfill his/her requirements from same hosting deal for a personal web site, web site meant for email newsletter subscription and archives, e-commerce site or web forum. Web hosting can be divided into four prime categories:
1. Virtual (shared) hosting,

2. Dedicated server,

3. Collocation server and

4. Reseller hosting.

Two most applicable hosting are virtual (shared) hosting and dedicated server.

What is Virtual (shared) hosting? It is a condition in which several web sites share one server. It is a low cost hosting because price is divided between several users. One can locate a standard virtual hosting at a rate of $100 a year.

In a Dedicated server hosting company lease the whole web server from a particular web hosting company. The site of web server is the web hosting company. One can opt dedicated server as a suitable option who does not wish to share a server with other web masters. One can find a dedicated server in two forms managed and un-managed. If one talk about managed server, company will take care of all the setups of user’s server. However, in unmanaged server user needs to take care of all these by him/her self. The benefit of this sort of hosting is that one can fully lodge web hosting as per his/her requirements. Moreover, for a site with ample amount of visitors a dedicated server is the only rational choice. Due to higher cost, starting from $100 per month, those companies that know the worth of Internet business generally use it.

One can say that Collocation server is quite identical to dedicated server. Disparity lies in the fact that company doesn’t take the web server on lease. Their own web server is placed in the web hosting company. In addition to it, company has material access to their web server, which is not available while talking about a dedicated server.

If one mention about Reseller hosting it is aimed to those companies only wishes to begin their own web hosting business.

ASPECTS, WHICH ONE NEEDS TO CONSIDER:

There are many factors which a user needs to consider to prevent any future miss happens:

Web space:
Requirement of Web space vary from site to site. Off course, if user requirement is only a web site containing basic information about him/her and his/her work excluding the use of web applications, then space of 50 MB is quite sufficient. However, a complex e-commerce site along with numerous products in one’s database demands a capacity of 1 GB.

Bandwidth:
The term Bandwidth refers to data transferred from user’s web site and that comprise of graphic details, images, banners and files for download. One should have accurate knowledge of Content before going for an amount of bandwidth. When one talks about the majority of sites, bandwidth of 10 GB a month is quite sufficient, though for few other sites like sites related to desktop wallpapers can frequently consumes even hundreds of GB a month.

Up time or visibility:
It symbolizes time articulated in percents displaying the period a site remained online. One should not be cheerful because someone assured him/her to provide say for 98% up time because it is not going to fulfill his/her requirement. One should get at least 99.7% uptime. Believe it or not, it definitely matters.

Email accounts:
Email accounts are an integrated and crucial part of web hosting package. It is quite interesting to know for how much will one get only a so called catch –all forwarding which means that all emails sent to somewhere@mydomain.com will arrive to one’s email address or one can set-up email accounts for several users? Also the thing is for how much? Is it intended for 5, 10, 100 or limitless email accounts? In addition to it, there is no harm to verify whether user get a so-called POP3 email address (“real” email address), web mail or rather both? If one has a POP3 email address then he/she can check his/her emails via favorite email client and web mail facilitate the user to inquire his/her emails at any place demanding just a computer and Internet connection.

Form of Server, tools and control panel:
When one mention the two generally utilized hosting then the name of Unix-based or Windows platform comes first. It matters for the result program languages, databases and scripts that one can apply. When one talks about Unix-based platform, general selection is relayed to PHP language along with MySQL, however, when it comes to Windows platform ASP or ASP.NET language will be along with SQL Server. One should enquire that is database is available with package or not, if yes, then how many? Nowadays, contemporary web site must be database-driven.

Too, one should have full knowledge related to tools coming along with web hosting package, if there is only applications for web statistics, file manager and things it is not an concern issue.

Technical support:

A crucial aspect while selecting a web hosting particularly for a user without having adequate technical skills is technical support. A proper technical support does not take a responsive time more then a day. This is not liable only to selection of web hosting company, but, crucial to any of the company selling products and services, Software Company can be one of the examples.

The coordination of few of the companies is so well thought-out that it takes only 1 hour to give response to user’s queries! Through their source of contact one can predict about the future response. Do the concern company has only email support or also have phone support? Does they provide a toll-free number? Do they offer the facility of trouble-ticket system? Working time is another crucial aspect. What is their strategy of providing technical support is it during working hours only i.e. 9 to 17 or does they provide the facility of 24x7 technical support? An ideal way to detect their professionalism one can create a list of fake queries, drop a line to them and hang around to know their reply time.

Testimonials:

Several web hosting and software companies have this smart way to increase their customer strength. Testimonials section contains the approval of satisfied customers, attracting more people to their service. This section is not completely reliable. Several hosting companies offer their clients to analyze their portfolio, instead of doing that one should contact webmasters who are taking the service of concern host and register their opinions. One can take help of several sites for further information regarding best web hosting deals and suggestions.

Buying Insurance

The reason we compare car insurance quotes from multiple car insurance companies is to make sure we‘re getting the best rates possible. Of course nobody wants to pay more money than they have to, but in the other hand we also want to make sure that our car insurance company is going to respond quickly and fairly in case of an accident.

What is unknown to many is that there is not one single car insurance company that is cheaper than others. One particular car insurance company can be the cheapest for one person but the most expensive for another. Each car insurance company has a certain category of drivers they want to insure. If you fit their category they will offer you a cheap rate, if you don’t, they will offer you an expensive rate. That is their way of filtering the people they want and do not want to insure. That is the reason we need to compare insurance rates from multiple car insurance companies, to find out which company will offer us the cheapest rate. The key is to find the company that offers the cheapest rate for you, but of course, it is important to compare rates from quality companies only.

There are many quality car insurance companies out there; however, some of those quality companies also have a high price to go along with them. How do we find a quality company for a cheap price? That, my friend, is the key question.

The traditional method of shopping for car insurance is to call around which we all know can be a long process. Another drawback of shopping for car insurance by phone is the probability of getting caught with the old “bait and hook” trick. That is when someone gives you a low quote by phone and hikes it up on you when you go into their office to purchase the car insurance policy.

In today’s world, luckily, we have the internet. The internet makes life a lot easier for all of us. Using the internet, we can shop for many types of things we may need which include shopping for car insurance.

We're Converted! - Blaze Media Pro Multimedia Software

I've come across a great solution for converting file types and formats. What's so good about it? It's an all-in-one solution! For a long time now, I've been after an all-in-one converter product but never really had much success getting any good software. If you've been in this same boat well now your prayers are answered. Whether you've wanted to convert WAV to MP3 or whether you've wanted to convert WMV to AVI, now you can.

Blaze Media Pro is a powerful all-in-one multimedia application that offers conversion, ripping, editing, recording, burning, playback, and much more. Powerful, yet easy to use audio, video, and data CD/DVD burning are all fully supported. VCD, SVCD, and DVD burning are supported. Other advanced features include video capture, video creation, combining, and extraction, video editing, copying of music CDs, audio and video merge (joining), MusicID audio recognition, lyrics search, audio tag editing, FreeDB support, and more.

What did i tell you? ALL-IN-ONE! That's quite an impressive array of features to be packin'. What's more, the audio content of video files can be extracted and saved to sound files, and frames can also be extracted to images files in batch mode. Video files can also be created from still frame images and/or other videos.

Still need convincing (and if you do then you must be VERY hard to please)? OK, here's some specifics on the actual format types that the Blaze Media Pro Multimedia Software can handle.

Formats supported for audio conversion include CD, MP3, WAV, WMA, OGG, MPEG-4, AIFF, M4A, AAC, AC3, FLAC, and ALAC, and two-way conversions among MPEG-1, MPEG-2, AVI, WMV, ASF, Flash (SWF and FLV), iPod, PSP, 3GP, and MOV are available for video. MPEG options are available for VCD, SVCD, and DVD compliant output. DVD ripping, and audio compression functionality are also present. When converting from audio CD, track information can be dynamically downloaded from the CDDB and used to automatically name saved files.

Video editing is available for AVI (uncompressed and compressed using any available codec), MPEG-1, MPEG-2, WMV, and ASF. Comprehensive video editing operations are provided (delete frame, delete selection, crop, resize, rotate, mirror, flip, trim, text overlay, adjust audio volume, etc.). In addition, an extensive list of over 30 effects and color adjustment operations allow for powerful video enhancement and alternation. Audio files can be inserted into the video or extracted from the video; and image files can be inserted or extracted as well.

See? I wasn't kidding. I personally know that i've never come across a software of this nature which offers such a wide variety of tools and allowances. This really is that all-in-one conversion solution that you've been looking for.

What's This 'Internet' I Keep Hearing About? - Part Nine - The World Wide Web

I've explained how the Internet works, but not yet how the web works. The web is the publishing system that most people don't realise is distinguishable from the Internet itself.

The Internet uses IP addresses (often found via domain names) to identify resources, but the web has to have something more sophisticated as it would be silly if every single page on the Internet had to have it's own 'domain name'. The web uses 'URLs' (uniform resource locators), and I'm sure you know about these as nowadays they are printed all over the place in the real world.

A typical URL looks like this: :///

For example: http://www.ocportal.com/index.php

HTTP is the core protocol for the web. This is why URLs usually start 'http://'.

Typically the 'resource identifier' is simply a file on the server computer. For example, 'mywebsite/index.html' would be a file on the server computer of the same path, stored underneath a special directory.

We now have three kinds of 'Internet Address', in order of increasing sophistication:

• IP addresses
• Domain names
• URLs

If a URL were put into web browser software by a prospective reader then the web browser would send out an appropriate request (usually, with the HTTP protocol being appropriate) to the server computer identified by the URL. The server computer would then respond and typically the web browser would end up with a file. The web browser would then interpret the file for display, much like any software running on a computer would interpret the files it understands.

An 'HTML' file is the kind of file that defines a web page. It's written in plain text, and basically mixes information showing show to display a document along with the document itself.

I've explained how typical web pages are just files on the disk of a server computer. Increasingly, things are slightly less direct. When you visit something like eBay you aren't just reading files. You're actually interacting with computer software, and the web pages you receive are generated anew by that software every time a request is made. These kinds of systems are known as 'web applications' and are becoming increasingly prevalent.

What's This 'Internet' I Keep Hearing About? - Part Eight - Meaningful Dialog

I've fully covered the essence of how messages are delivered over the Internet, but so far these messages are completely raw and meaningless. Before meaningful communication can occur we need to layer on yet another protocol (recall IP and TCP protocols are already layered over our physical network).

There are many protocols that work on the communications already established, including:

• HTTP - for web pages, typically read in web browser software
• POP3 - for reading e-mail
• SMTP - for sending e-mail

I'm not going to go into the details of any of these protocols because it's not really relevant unless you actually need to know it.

The information transferred via a protocol is usually a request for something, or a response for something requested. For example, with HTTP, a client computer requests a certain web page from a server via HTTP and then the web server, basically, responds with the file embedded within HTTP.

Each of these protocols operates on more or more so-called 'ports', and it is these 'ports' that allow the computers to know which protocol to use. For example, a web server (special computer software running on a server computer that serves out web pages) uses a port of number '80', and hence when the server receives messages on that port it passes them to the web server software which naturally knows that they'll be written in HTTP.

What's This 'Internet' I Keep Hearing About? - Part Seven - Names, Not Numbers

When most people think of an 'Internet Address' they think of something like 'www.ocportal.com' rather than '69.60.115.116'. People relate to names with greater ease than numbers, so special computers that humans need to access are typically assigned names ('domain names') using a system known as 'DNS' (the 'domain name system').

All Internet communication is still done using IP addresses (recall '69.60.115.116' is an IP address). The 'domain names' are therefore translated to IP addresses behind the scenes, before the main communication starts.

At the core, the process of looking up a domain name is quite simple - it's a process of 'homing in' by moving leftwards through the name, following an interrogation path. This is best shown by example - 'www.ocportal.com' would be looked up as follows:

• Every computer on the Internet knows how to contact the computers (the 'root' 'DNS servers') responsible for things like 'com', 'org', 'net' and 'uk'. There are a few such computers and one is contacted at random. The DNS server computer is asked if they know 'www.ocportal.com' and will respond saying they know which server computer is responsible for 'com'.

• The 'com' server computer is asked it knows 'www.ocportal.com' and will respond saying they know which server computer is responsible for 'ocportal.com'.

• 'The 'ocportal.com' server computer is asked if it knows 'www.ocportal.com' and will respond saying that it knows the corresponding server computer to be '69.60.115.116'.
Note that there is a difference between a server computer being 'responsible' for a domain name and the domain name actually corresponding to that computer. For example, the 'ocportal.com' responsible DNS server might not necessarily be the same server as 'ocportal.com' itself.

What's This 'Internet' I Keep Hearing About? - Part Six - Getting The Message Across

Now that we are able to deliver messages the hard part is over. All we need to do is to put stuff in our messages in a certain way such that it makes sense at the other end.
Letters we send in the real world always have stuff in common - they are written on paper and in a language understood by both sender and receiver. I've discussed before how conventions are important for networks to operate, and this important concept remains true for our messages.

All parts of the Internet transfer messages written in things called 'Packets', and the layout and contents of those 'packets' are done according to the 'Internet Protocol' (IP). You don't need to know these terms, but you do need to know that these simple messages are error prone and simplistic.

You can think of 'packets' as the Internet equivalence of a sentence - for an ongoing conversation, there would be many of them sent in both directions of communication.
Reliable message transfer on the Internet is done via 'TCP'. IP is fundamental to the Internet, but TCP is not - there are in fact other 'protocols' that may be used that I won't be covering.

What's This 'Internet' I Keep Hearing About? - Part Five - Making Contact

I've established how the Internet is a computer network: now I will explain how two computers that could be on other sides of the world can send messages to each other.

Imagine you were writing a letter and needed to send it to someone. If you just wrote a name on the front, it would never arrive, unless perhaps you lived in a small village. A name is rarely specific enough. Therefore, as we all know, we use addresses to contact someone, often using: the name, the house number, the road name, the town name, the county name, and sometimes, the country name. This allows sending of messages on another kind of network - the postal network. When you send a letter, typically it will be passed between postal sorting offices starting from the sorting office nearest to the origin, then up to increasingly large sorting offices until it's handled by a sorting office covering regions for both the origin and the destination, then down to increasingly small sorting offices until it's at the sorting office nearest the destination - and then it's delivered.

In our postal situation, there are two key factors at work - a form of addressing that 'homes in' on the destination location, and a form of message delivery that 'broadens out' then 'narrows in'. Computers are more organised, but they actually effectively do exactly the same thing.

Each computer on the Internet is given an address ('IP address'), and this 'homes in' on their location. The 'homing in' isn't done strictly geographically, rather in terms of the connection-relationship between the smaller computer networks within the Internet. For the real world, being a neighbour is geographical, but on a computer network, being a neighbour is having a direct network connection.

Like the postal network with its sorting offices, computer networks usually have connections to a few other computer networks. A computer network will send the message to a larger network (a network that is more likely to recognise at least some part of the address). This process of 'broadening out' continues until the message is being handled by a network that is 'over' the destination, and then the 'narrowing in' process will occur.

An example 'IP address' is '69.60.115.116'. They are just series of digit groups where the digit groups towards the right are increasingly local. Each digit group is a number between 0 and 255. This is just an approximation, but you could think of this address meaning:

• A computer 116
• in a small neighbourhood 115
• in a larger neighbourhood 60
• controlled by an ISP 69
• (on the Internet)

The neighbourhoods, the ISP, and the Internet, could all be consider computer networks in their own right. Therefore, for a message to the same 'larger neighbourhood', the message would be passed up towards one of those intermediary computers in the larger neighbourhood and then back down to the correct smaller neighbourhood, and then to the correct computer.

What's This 'Internet' I Keep Hearing About? - Part Four - The Internet Itself

The really amazing about the Internet isn't the technology. We've actually had big Internet-like computer networks before, and 'The Internet' existed long before normal people knew the term. The amazing thing is that such a massive computer network could exist without being built or governed in any kind of seriously organised way. The only organisation that really has a grip on the core computer network of the Internet is a US-government-backed non-profit company called 'ICANN', but nobody could claim they 'controlled' the Internet, as their mandate and activities are extremely limited.

What I have described so far is probably not the Internet as you or most would see it. It's unlikely you see the Internet as a democratic and uniform computer network, and to an extent, it isn't. The reason for this is that I have only explained the foundations of the system so far, and this foundation operates below the level you'd normally be aware of. On the lowest level you would be aware of, the Internet is actually more like a situation between a getter and a giver - there's something you want from the Internet, so you connect up and get it. Even when you send an e-mail, you're getting the service of e-mail delivery.

Being a computer network, the Internet consists of computers - however, not all computers on the Internet are created equal. Some computers are there to provide services, and some are there to consume those services. We call the providing computers 'servers' and the consuming computers 'clients'. At the theoretical level, the computers have equal status on the network, but servers are much better connected than clients and are generally put in place by companies providing some kind of commercial service. You don't pay to view a web site, but somebody pays for the server the website is located on - usually the owner of the web site pays a 'web host' (a commercial company who owns the server).

What's This 'Internet' I Keep Hearing About? - Part Three - Connecting

When you connect to the Internet, you're using networking technology, but things are usually a lot muddier. There's an apt phrase, "Rome wasn't built in a day" because neither was the Internet. The only reason the Internet could spring up so quickly and cheaply for people was because another kind of network already existed throughout the world - the phone network!

The pre-existence of the phone network provided a medium for ordinary computers in ordinary people's homes to be connected onto the great high-tech military and research network that had been developed in years before. It just required some technological mastery in the form of 'modems'. Modems allow phone lines to be turned into a mini-network connection between a home and a special company (an 'ISP') that already is connected up to the Internet. It's like a bridge joining up the road networks on an island and the mainland - the road networks become one, due to a special kind of connection between them.

What's This 'Internet' I Keep Hearing About? - Part Two - Networks

What's a computer network? A computer network is just two or more of computers connected together such that they may send messages between each other. On larger networks computers are connected together in complex arrangements, where some intermediary computers have more than one connection to other computers, such that every computer can reach any other computer in the network via paths through some of those intermediary computers.

Computers aren't the only things that use networks - the rail network is very similar to computer networks, just that transports people instead of information.
Trains operate on a certain kind of track - such a convention is needed, because otherwise the network could not effectively work. Computers in a network have conventions too, and we usually call these conventions 'protocols'.

There are many kinds of popular computer network today. The most conventional by far is the so-called 'Ethernet' network that physically connects computers together in homes, schools and offices. However, WiFi is becoming increasingly popular for connecting together devices so that cables aren't required at all.

What's This 'Internet' I Keep Hearing About? - Part One - Introduction

I thought i'd make some posts over the coming days all about the internet. It's what you're looking at right now reading this and it's what lets me communicate with you. I owe it a lot so i thought it would be good to pay it homage and do a series of posts on it. Check back every day to get the whole article.

To most people, the Internet is the place to which everyone plugs in their computer and views webpages and sends e-mail. That's a very human-centric viewpoint, but if we're to truly understand the Internet, we need to be more exact:
The Internet is THE large global computer network that people connect to by-default, by virtue of the fact that it's the largest. And, like any computer network, there are conventions that allow it to work.

This is all it is really - a very big computer network. However, this article will go beyond explaining just the Internet, as it will also explain the 'World Wide Web'. Most people don't know the difference between the Internet and Web, but really it's quite simple: the Internet is a computer network, and the Web is a system of publishing (of websites) for it.

Like Writing? Earn Money By Writing A Book!

If you’ve always wanted to write a book but put it off because it seemed too difficult or you just didn’t know how to start, it’s time to stop procrastinating and start writing. Sure, it may seem hard. But writing a book is really more about organizing your thoughts than anything else. Once you learn how to organize your book and have a solid plan in place to follow as you create your book, then the actual writing isn’t that difficult.

Make Plans
One of the first things you need to do when you’re writing a book is to write an outline or list of all the topics and subtopics you want to cover in the book. An outline is just a pattern of how you want the book to flow—and in the beginning it should be flexible, but also as thorough as possible. Even if you think you might want to cover a topic, put it on your list—you can always cut it later. So to write a solid outline you need to brainstorm the different topics that you want to address in your book.

Break It Up
Once you have your list of ideas to include, you can start to divide the book up into chapters. Generally every time you switch to a new main idea you should start a new chapter. Keep in mind, though, that each main idea could have lots of little ideas that go along with it, and adding a personal anecdote or an example of the main idea that you’re discussing will help draw readers into the material.

You don’t need to get very technical when you are organizing your outline. You can always refine and revise your outline as you go alone. In fact, most authors change their outlines as much as they edit the book. But keeping your outline updated and organized will help you stay on track as you write the book.

Think of your outline as a roadmap that will guide you through the writing process. Sometimes you need to look at the big map of the whole state, or the entire outline, and sometimes you need to look at the small city map, or individual chapters of the book. But you need both views to get where you’re going.

Consider Your Purpose
Once you have an organized plan, start writing. An introduction is always a good place to start writing a book, because an introduction often states your purpose in writing the book and your goal for what you want the reader to gain from it. This exercise, even if you decide to change the actual introduction you use in your book later, will give you some focus as you write.

Writing Your Book
Writing a book can be a challenging but very rewarding experience. Who knows, you might discover a hidden talent for writing and find that writing books is a new career direction you want to follow. So stop procrastinating! When you use these strategies for getting started, you put yourself of the path to writing success.

Online Gambling - The Facts

People choose to gamble online for a variety of reasons. For instance, many of us are annoyed by the excessive noise inside a real casino and prefer the peace and quiet of your own home. Or, you see no point in actually going to a land-based casino and gambling, when you can do so from behind your computer screen, and not waste some precious time travelling, when you could use this time to enjoy yourself, and make some money in the process. Smoking is an issue in many casinos, and it can be a disturbing factor to you if you are not allowed to smoke, or if you have to make a selection based on this criterion. All in all, gamblers find online casino gambling more convenient than gambling in a real-world casino, especially given the fact that online casino payouts are similar, or even exceed payouts in a land-based casino.

There is one aspect that you need to take into consideration, though, which is that not all online casinos are reputable, and you may find that you have been ripped-off big time. The chances of this misfortunate event occurring can be considerably minimized if you follow some basic guidelines of gambling online.

First of all, you should look for best online casino gambling recommendations from specialized web sites, whose job is to find such casinos and make online gambling both reliable and safe for you. You will find all sorts of useful information on how to avoid being scammed, lists and reviews of top casinos, new casinos, safe casinos, the latest news concerning gambling, guides for players, tips, rules and strategies, everything you need to now about bonuses and jackpots, and many more at GamblingWiz.com. In other words, you will find all the information you need for best online casino gambling. If there is a chance that gambling is not safe at a certain online casino, may be you won’t know about it because there are so many of them out there; what you will know about is how to choose the best online casino gambling, in terms of safety, payouts, and chances of winning.

As important as online casino payouts may be in determining your choice of an online casino, they are not the only criteria that you should consider. Its popularity on the Internet, its graphics, trustworthiness of its owners, all these are equally important factors in choosing what online casino to gamble at. You should look for independent reviews and testimonials of people who have played there.

All in all, all this investigating that you are recommended to do before deciding where to spend your money may seem like taking away the pleasure of actually gambling, if you have to go to all through this just to find the best online casino gambling sites. But the good news is that all this objective information that we are talking about can be found in one place alone. All you have to do is visit one specialized web site and find out the information you need about online casino payouts or any other aspects that you consider important in finding the best online casino gambling.